Arkansas Water Health Analysis

Overall Health Analysis

Arkansas faces a significant water quality challenge, with a total of 94 contaminants detected across its 686 water systems. Alarmingly, these contaminants impact the health of over two million residents statewide. The state’s most pervasive contaminants include haloacetic acids, total trihalomethanes, dibromochloromethane, manganese, chloroform, and bromodichloromethane. These substances are associated with severe health risks, ranging from cancer to developmental issues. The potential harm is amplified for vulnerable populations, particularly children and the elderly.

Each of these top six contaminants is present in hundreds of water systems, exposing millions of people to their harmful effects. This underscores the importance of closely monitoring and understanding the state of your water to make informed choices for your health and safety.

Top Six Contaminants

1. Haloacetic Acids

Number of Water Systems Affected: 619

Number of People Impacted: 2,835,121

Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are chemical byproducts formed when disinfectants like chlorine react with organic material in water. Prolonged exposure can increase the risk of cancer, damage internal organs, and negatively affect reproductive health. Given the widespread presence of HAAs in Arkansas’ water systems, this contaminant poses a major health concern for residents.

2. Total Trihalomethanes

Number of Water Systems Affected: 596

Number of People Impacted: 2,807,079

Total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) are another group of byproducts from water disinfection. These compounds, such as chloroform and bromodichloromethane, are associated with an increased risk of cancers and complications in pregnancy, including low birth weight and preterm delivery. It’s critical to minimize exposure to TTHMs through effective water treatment processes.

3. Dibromochloromethane

Number of Water Systems Affected: 605

Number of People Impacted: 2,761,661

Dibromochloromethane is a chemical compound that results from the chlorination of drinking water. It has been linked to liver and kidney damage with extended exposure, as well as an increased potential for cancer. Its high prevalence across Arkansas makes it a contaminant of significant concern for public health.

4. Manganese

Number of Water Systems Affected: 570

Number of People Impacted: 2,719,607

Manganese is a naturally occurring mineral often found in groundwater. While essential in small amounts, excessive manganese can lead to neurological issues, especially in children, such as learning disabilities and behavioral impairments. The widespread contamination suggests a pressing need for mitigation strategies.

5. Chloroform

Number of Water Systems Affected: 584

Number of People Impacted: 2,706,155

Chloroform, found in the total trihalomethanes group, is a byproduct of water disinfection. Long-term exposure has been linked to liver damage, weakened immune function, and cancer. Considering its prevalence in Arkansas, this contaminant should not be overlooked.

6. Bromodichloromethane

Number of Water Systems Affected: 566

Number of People Impacted: 2,685,269

Bromodichloromethane, another member of the trihalomethanes, is a dangerous chemical formed during water chlorination. It is linked to risks of bladder and colon cancers and may also harm the kidneys and liver. The significant impact of this contaminant highlights a critical issue for Arkansas residents.

Most Significant Health Impacts

The contaminants found in Arkansas’ water supply contribute to a wide range of health problems, some of which are life-threatening. The most notable health risks include:

• Cancer: Many of the harmful chemicals, including trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids, have been classified as potential carcinogens, increasing the risk of cancers such as bladder, colon, and liver cancer.
• Neurological Issues: Certain contaminants, like manganese, can disrupt neurological development in children, resulting in cognitive and behavioral problems. Adults may also experience impaired motor functions over time.
• Reproductive and Developmental Harm: Exposure to these pollutants may result in birth defects, low birth weight, and even fertility challenges.
• Organ Damage: Liver, kidney, and immune system damage are common outcomes of prolonged exposure to contaminants like chloroform and dibromochloromethane.

Due to these risks, children, pregnant women, and the elderly are particularly vulnerable and should take extra precautions to avoid prolonged exposure.

Conclusion

Arkansas’ water health crisis requires immediate and sustained action. The prevalence of 94 contaminants affecting over 2.8 million residents underscores the severity of the issue. Contaminants such as haloacetic acids and total trihalomethanes demand attention due to their systemic health impacts, particularly for the most vulnerable populations. Enhancing water treatment processes, enforcing stricter regulations, and raising public awareness are essential steps toward safeguarding public health. Identifying and mitigating risks is an investment in a healthier and safer future for every Arkansas resident.